How do communities respond to natural disasters?

When disaster strikes, communities adapt and rebuild.

Beyond the headlines, the story of natural disasters is one of human response. Learn how communities are preparing for, responding to and rebuilding after some of the world’s most recent natural disasters.

For millions of children and families around the world, the threat of natural disasters is very much a part of life. They don’t know when they’ll strike, or the impact they will have. The only way to live with this uncertainty, is to have a community based disaster response plan.

Concern over natural disasters is growing – and it’s easy to see why. Across the Asia-Pacific, storms, floods, heatwaves and droughts are no longer isolated events. One disaster follows another, leaving communities with barely enough time to rebuild before the next hits. Homes are washed away, schools are closed, crops fail, and families are forced to start over again and again.

In 2024, the Asia-Pacific region remained the most disaster-prone globally, with existing risk hotspots experiencing more frequent and intense disasters, and new hotspots emerging. The ESCAP Asia-Pacific Disaster Report 2024 highlights the urgent need for transformative adaptation measures, including stronger multi-hazard early warning systems and nature-based solutions, to protect people and safeguard development gains.

Climate change is fuelling this onslaught, making extreme weather more frequent and severe. For children and families already living in vulnerable conditions, the impacts are multiplied: disrupted education, lost livelihoods, and lasting psychological and economic scars. Each disaster is not just a single event – it’s a chain reaction that can reshape a community for years to come.

In this blog, we’ve outlined everything you need to know about:

• What natural disasters are
• Different types of natural disasters
• What happens in the aftermath of a disaster
• How communities can prepare
• How you can support
• FAQs

What is a natural disaster?

A natural disaster doesn’t actually begin as a disaster. It starts as a natural hazard – an event like an earthquake, flood or drought. It becomes a disaster when it causes severe harm to people, destroys homes and livelihoods, and overwhelms a community’s ability to cope.

Some disasters strike in an instant, like earthquakes or flash floods. Others build slowly, such as droughts that worsen over months or years. The causes of natural disasters vary and may come from geological activity, extreme weather, climate change or even biological factors. For example:

• Earthquakes happen when tectonic plates shift beneath the Earth’s surface
• Floods can follow heavy rain, storm surges or rapid snowmelt
• Droughts often take hold after long periods without rain and can be made worse by human activities such as deforestation

The difference between a hazard and a disaster is important to understand. While hazards are inevitable, disasters don’t have to be. Children and families in vulnerable situations are often hit hardest – losing safe homes, education and security. By understanding the causes and impacts, we can prepare better, reduce risks and help communities recover and rebuild after disaster strikes.

What types of natural disasters can occur?

Natural disasters can be classified into five different types:

1. Geophysical: earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis and volcanic eruptions
2. Hydrological: floods and avalanches
3. Climatological: drought, wildfires and extreme temperatures
4. Meteorological: storms, wave surges, cyclones and typhoons
5. Biological: insect and animal plagues.

Natural disaster examples include Typhoon Rai, which hit the Philippines in December 2021, and Myanmar’s recent devastating earthquake on March 28, 2025, which caused over 3,700 deaths and many more injuries. ChildFund continues to provide humanitarian aid and disaster relief in Myanmar to support communities to recover after the earthquake, and the recent earthquake in Afghanistan, which destroyed villages and cut off families in remote southeastern provinces.

What happens during the aftermath of a natural disaster?

After a natural disaster passes through a community, it leaves a path of destruction and devastation. It can take weeks, months, or even years for communities to recover and rebuild. The emotional toll on children and families can impact their lives forever.

In the immediate aftermath of the two powerful earthquakes in early 2015, ChildFund responded with emergency relief, providing food, shelter and child-centred spaces. Over the following two years, we supported communities to recover and rebuild, repairing schools, supplying essential learning materials, ensuring access to safe water and hygiene, and helping families re-establish livelihoods. Child protection and preparing for future emergencies remained central priorities throughout.

The earthquakes destroyed thousands of homes and damaged over 25,000 classrooms across Nepal, with another 10,000 left in need of repair. When schools reopened, nearly one million children were unable to resume their education and regain a sense of routine – a vital part of helping children recover from the trauma of disaster.

To address this, ChildFund prioritised the construction of Temporary Learning Spaces in the hardest-hit areas, enabling students to return to school within weeks. Built with locally sourced materials, the shelters provided secure, child-centred learning spaces and allowed children to continue their education while permanent reconstruction was underway. ChildFund also worked in partnership with the Nepalese Government and local agencies to plan and coordinate long-term recovery, focusing on school reconstruction and renovation so that children could eventually return to safe, permanent learning environments.

Communities as first responders

In the first 72 hours after a disaster, local communities often bear the heaviest burden. In remote villages, neighbours pull people from flooded homes, clear debris from roads and shelters, and comfort children who have lost everything – long before external aid arrives. Lamia*, 18, lives in one of the many female-led households in the Cox’s Bazar refugee camp. Since 2017, fires, floods and violence have shaped her daily life. Her household is especially vulnerable to gender-based violence and emergencies, and cultural norms sometimes make women and girls hesitate to seek help from male community members. Determined to protect herself and others, Lamia trained as a community first responder through ChildFund Australia and EDUCO. She learnt emergency drills, first aid and how to coordinate relief, equipping her to save lives and support her community when disaster strikes. “I want to work as a firefighter and serve my community; I want to save people’s lives,” she said. The need for local action is growing. In 2024, the Asia-Pacific remained the world’s most disaster-prone region, with hotspots experiencing more frequent and intense events. The ESCAP Asia-Pacific Disaster Report 2024 stresses the urgent need for early warning systems and nature-based solutions to protect people and safeguard development gains. Disaster preparedness is vital everywhere. In Australia, families follow Rural Fire Service bushfire survival plans, checking supplies, mapping escape routes and staying alert so they can respond quickly when fire strikes. Being ready doesn’t just protect property – it saves lives.

How can communities prepare for a natural disaster?

No two natural disasters are the same, however they all require the same level of advance preparation. Here are several ways communities can be forewarned and forearmed to reduce risk:

Learn from the past

Whilst devastating, natural disasters offer an insight into how to better prevent and prepare for another emergency in the future. Reflecting upon what worked well and what needs addressing could offer invaluable intel for a community’s response plan.

Establish a community action plan

The aim of a community action plan is to ensure everyone in a local area is aware of potential natural disasters. The response plan should highlight the most common threats to the region, establish safe zones of evacuation, and provide guidance on what to include in survival and emergency kits. Clear communication channels should be outlined in the community action plan and be adhered to.

Pack an emergency kit

Having an emergency kit ready to go makes a world of difference to keep safe during and after a natural disaster. The most important things to have on hand after a natural disaster include:

• Clean drinking water,
• Nonperishable food and a
• First aid kit.

Listen to experts

Whether it is news reports of dangerous weather approaching, or local officials advising evacuation, a key to surviving a natural disaster in the community is to listen to the advice of experts and follow their recommendations.

What is the role of children in community-based disaster risk reduction?

Children often see hazards differently from adults, and when they are actively involved in community-based disaster risk reduction, entire neighbourhoods respond more effectively.

In training sessions, young people practise life-saving skills such as first aid, swimming and evacuation drills. They learn how floods, landslides and earthquakes can impact not only themselves but families, neighbours and the wider community.

On 28 March 2025, a 7.7-magnitude earthquake in Myanmar tore through the Sagaing and Mandalay regions. Homes, schools and religious buildings were destroyed, leaving thousands displaced. Millions of people, including countless children, were affected and needed immediate protection and support.

ChildFund works with children, families and communities to plan, prepare and respond to hazards. Participatory community action plans, aligned with United Nations principles for disaster risk reduction, equip children and families with the knowledge and skills to respond quickly when natural disasters strike.

How can you help with the response after a natural disaster?

Unfortunately, despite all the advancements in technology, we don’t always know when a natural hazard disaster may strike. But we do know that the key to survival is preparation and support.

Following a natural disaster in the countries where we work, ChildFund provides emergency assistance in a number of ways. This could include:

• Establishing Child Friendly Spaces (CFS) are a widely used tool to help support and protect children in the context of emergencies. Sometimes called Safe Spaces, they provide children with a safe place to play, learn and receive trauma support after a disaster;
• Setting up temporary learning shelters where children can continue their education when schools have been damaged or destroyed;
• Distributing emergency kits, materials and food rations in the immediate aftermath of a humanitarian emergency; and
• Supporting families to re-establish homes and livelihoods after a disaster.

Help us be on the frontline of an emergency response to support affected communities during times of crisis. Donate monthly to support communities when the next disaster hits.

*Names have been changed to protect individuals’ identities.